The Latest on Wealth Taxes

Transcript of Podcast Episode 383

Hello, this is Bill Rainaldi, with another edition of Security Mutual’s SML Planning Minute. In today’s episode: the latest on wealth taxes.

Public budget concerns seem to be everywhere, and state governments are no exception. The problem has gotten worse in the past few years because, in some cases, states would like to continue programs that were started with federal COVID spending that has since run out.[1]

So, what’s left for a state to do? Some are taking a look at so-called “wealth taxes” as a way to raise revenue. The appeal of wealth taxes is that, in theory, a state government can raise significant sums of money while affecting only a small slice of its population.

A wealth tax takes a completely different approach from a sales, income or estate tax. It’s a tax imposed on someone’s net worth, that is, the total market value of their assets minus liabilities.[2] Here’s an example. Let’s say there’s a two percent wealth tax on individuals with a net worth above $100 million in a particular state. If you’re lucky enough to have a net worth of $1 billion, you would pay on the difference of $900 million, resulting in a tax bill of $18 million. Some proposed wealth taxes are written to occur annually while others are written as a one-time levy.

One of the arguments in favor of wealth taxes is that they could raise a significant amount of revenue for the individual states. Another is that they would make the tax system more progressive and thus lessen the effects of income inequality. Some studies have indicated that income inequality has risen in the United States in recent years.[3]

But there are also some notable arguments against the use of wealth taxes, particularly at the state level. For one thing, individual mobility would likely work against them. In other words, a high-income individual facing a wealth tax can simply move to another state to avoid it.

There is evidence to suggest that a high tax burden can prompt some people to relocate. For example, after decades of growth, California, the state with the highest maximum income tax rate at 13.3 percent, has led the nation in net out-migration for six consecutive years, according to a 2026 report.[4]

Critics suggest that more recent developments in California could make matters worse. The state is now considering a referendum that, if approved, would impose a one-time five percent wealth tax on state residents with a net worth of $1 billion or more. Advocates are currently gathering signatures in an effort to get the proposed tax on the ballot in 2026.[5]

There is anecdotal evidence that some California billionaires have left the state out of fear that the proposal will become law, among them Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Mark Zuckerberg.[6]

Other states, such as Illinois, Maryland and Washington have all introduced wealth tax legislation, although the final outcome remains uncertain in each state.[7]

There are still unanswered questions about how a wealth tax would work. Conceptually, a wealth tax is based on the value of your assets, rather than the income you receive from them. This is different from, for example, capital gains taxes, which only become payable when you sell the asset. What happens if you pay a wealth tax one year—without selling the assets—and then the value of those assets goes down the next year? Would you get a refund? The answer seems to be no.

At the federal level, the question of whether a wealth tax is permitted under the U.S. Constitution is a matter of intense legal debate. The federal income tax began in 1913 after the 17^th Amendment was passed to specifically authorize it.[8] Many experts believe that a federal wealth tax would not currently pass a constitutional challenge, and it would likely take another amendment before it is allowed.[9]

At the state level, each one of them has its own constitution, and they’re all different. There are potential legislative, constitutional and practical obstacles that could end up being too big to handle. Only time will tell whether the states will be able to collect the bonanza they’re hoping for.

[1] Finseca. “Finseca Policy 02/24/26: State Wealth Tax Blitz & US Deficit Updates.” Finseca.org. https://www.finseca.org/finseca-policy-02-24-26-state-wealth-tax-blitz-us-deficit-updates/ (accessed April 13, 2026).

[2] Peter G. Peterson Foundation. “What Is a Wealth Tax, and Should the United States Have One?” Pgpf.org. https://www.pgpf.org/article/what-is-a-wealth-tax-and-should-the-united-states-have-one/ (accessed April 13, 2026).

[3] Cunningham, Mary. “Wealth inequality in America just hit its widest gap in more than 3 decades.” CBSNews.com. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-wealth-gap-widest-in-three-decades-federal-reserve/ (accessed April 13, 2026).

[4] Christopher, Nilesh. “California’s exodus isn’t just billionaires — it’s regular people renting U-Hauls, too.” The Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2026-01-08/californias-exodus-isnt-just-billionaires-its-regular-people-renting-u-hauls-too (accessed April 13, 2026).

[5] BDO USA, P.C. “California’s Billionaire Tax Proposal Would Allow Sweeping, One-Time Taxation Based on Net Worth.” BDO.com. https://www.bdo.com/insights/tax/californias-billionaire-tax-proposal-would-allow-sweeping-one-time-taxation-based-on-net-worth (accessed April 13, 2026).

[6] Perman, Stacy. “Inside the exodus of California tech billionaires to Florida.” The Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2026-03-11/inside-exodus-of-california-tech-billionaires-to-florida (accessed April 13, 2026).

[7] Finseca. “Finseca Policy 02/24/26: State Wealth Tax Blitz & US Deficit Updates.” Finseca.org. https://www.finseca.org/finseca-policy-02-24-26-state-wealth-tax-blitz-us-deficit-updates/ (accessed April 13, 2026).

[8] Bishop-Henchman, Joe. “Is a Wealth Tax Constitutional?” Ntu.org. https://www.ntu.org/foundation/detail/is-a-wealth-tax-constitutional (accessed April 13, 2026).

[9] Id.

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